Improvement in superheaters for gas-works



cimiteri guinea @anni dtiiirt.

MILLS L. OALLENDER, OF BROOKLYN, YNEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 108,328, dated October 18, 1870.

u The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

I, MILLS L. GALLENDER, of Brooklyn, Sew York, have invented a new and valuable Improvement in the Construction of Snperheaters for' Steam or Gas, and the like, of which the following is a specifica tion. l

My invention consists 'in` employing both iron aud clay in constructing snperheaters, whereby I gain the advantage of the strength of the iron together with the durability of clay.

This improvementin constructing superheaters applies not only to the manufacture of gas, but to other chemical operations, and to superheaters 01 decomposers for. both gas and steam. n

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the body of a gas-retort having this improvement, with a section broken away from the side, showing plainly both the iron and the clay. r

Figure 2is'a longitudinal section of a retort, with the mouth-piece d of the iron retort a, and the inner lining of clay b and the outer casing ot' clay c.

Figures 3 and 4 are longitudinal and cross-sections of a super-heater for increasing the temperature of either gas or steam. y

General Description.

I first constructthe iron retort a, figs. l and 2, in the usual manner, excepting the casting is much thinner than common.'

The interior of the 'retort is then lined with tireclay, which may be made in sections, as shown at 'l 1 1, or fire-brick or tile can be used. i

Another plan is to make the clay retort entire and introduce it into the `iron retort; or, the raw clay may be molded in the interior of the iron retort, and baked afterward.

When the retorts are to be subjected to great heat 'I employ an outer casing of tire'clay or tile, 86e., c,

in a similar manner, as described, for the inner linmg.

The superheater may be made of any required form.

In figs. 3 and 4, a.- cast-iron tube, f, having a diaphragm or partition, k, is inserted into a casing of lire-clay, g,- semi-cylindrical` cones 'of fire-clay, having the chambers or passages e e, are inserted into the cast-iron tube f.'

The partition k has an aperture in the rear end to allow free communication between passages e e.

Connections of the snpcrheatcr for gas or steam are made in the usual way.

The outercasing cmay be entire, or only cover such parts of the iron retort a as are mostly exposed to the force of the blast or heat of the furnace.

Advantages.

lhe diticnlty heretoforeV experienced in using iron superheaters and retorts, especially where high heats were employed, has been their rapid oxidation and destruction.

Clay super-heaters and retorts are not 'liable to oxidation, but are wantingrin strength, and cannot be heated up and then let down or cooled off like iron retorts, withoutl being cracked and destroyed, owing to the unequal contraction and expansion.

)Iy improvement overcomes all these difiiculties.

The combination of iron with the clay or tile lining and casing gives all the advantages of both iron and clay retorts, without their 4corresponding disadvantages when employed by themselves in the usual way.

' This style of retort and superheater is eminently qualified for the hydrocarbon or Gwynne Harris gas process, as well as for ordinary use.

Claim.

I claim as my invention- A snperheater for steam or gas, constructed with an iron frame-work, protected, both externally and internally, by fire-clay or other refractory materia-l, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

MILLS L. CALLENDER.

Witnesses:

C. E. SANDERSON, FREDERIC A. TAYLOR. 

